How to Use Pickle to Save Objects in Python

Pickle, which is part of the Python library by default, is an important module whenever you need persistence between user sessions. As a module, pickle provides for the saving of Python objects between processes. Whether you  are programming for a database, game, forum, or some other application that must save information between sessions, pickle is useful for saving identifiers and settings. The pickle module can store things such as data types such as booleans, strings, and byte arrays, lists, dictionaries, functions, and more. Note:  The concept of pickling is also known as serialization, marshaling, and  flattening. However, the point is always the same—to save an object to a file for later retrieval. Pickling accomplishes this by writing the object as one long stream of bytes.   Pickle Example Code in Python To write an object to a file, you  use a code in the following syntax: import pickle object Object() filehandler open(filename, w) pickle.dump(object, filehandler) Heres how a real-world example  looks: import pickle import math object_pi math.pi file_pi open(filename_pi.obj, w) pickle.dump(object_pi, file_pi) This snippet writes the contents of object_pi to the file handler file_pi, which in turn is bound to the file filename_pi.obj in the directory of execution. To restore the value of the object to memory, load the object from the file. Assuming that pickle has not yet been imported for use, start by importing it: import pickle filehandler open(filename, r) object pickle.load(filehandler) The following code restores the value of pi: import pickle file_pi2 open(filename_pi.obj, r) object_pi2 pickle.load(file_pi2) The object is then ready for use once again, this time as object_pi2. You can, of course, reuse the original names, if you prefer. This example uses distinct names for clarity. Things to Remember About Pickle Keep these things in mind when using the pickle module: The pickle protocol is specific to Python – its not guaranteed to be cross-language compatible. You most likely cannot transfer the information to make it useful in Perl, PHP, Java, or other languages.There is also no guarantee of compatibility between different versions of Python. IThe incompatibility exists because not every Python data structure can be serialized by the module.By default, the latest version of the pickle protocol is used. It remains that way unless you manually change it. Tip:  Also find out  how to use shelve to save objects in Python  for another method of maintaining object continuity.

In Henry V, How Does Shakespeare Create Different...

Shakespeare has written three different ‘types of genre’ in his plays. One of these is his Tragedies like ‘Macbeth’ and ‘Romeo and Juliet’. Another genre he writes within is Comedy, an example of which is ‘Much Ado About Nothing’. The last genre Shakespeare uses is History; an example of this is ‘Henry V’ where he bases this play on actual historic events. The play is set around the year 1420 and King Henry is faced with the difficult decision, whether to attack France or not. There are a lot of incidents in this play where Shakespeare exaggerates the qualities/attributes of King Henry; he changes the way we think of King Henry. The attributes of King Henry are exaggerated to such an extent we believe that he must have been ‘the perfect†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœThere remain and fortify it strongly ‘gainst the French. Use mercy to them all’ This is one of the facts that were distorted by Shakespeare, in reality it was quite the opposite. According to the facts, King Henry forced all the people out of their homes and cruelly ransacked the town. In Act 5 Scene 2 Shakespeare shows Henry as charming when he manages to win over Katherine; the princess of France. ‘Upon that I kiss your hand, and I call you my queen.’ This implies that Henry is charming, as he was able to win over the princess of France and have her hand in marriage. There are two scenes which Shakespeare shows Henry as ‘an excellent speaker’. First of which is in Act 3 Scene 1, where Henry and his army are attacking Harfleur.Show MoreRelated Leadership in William Shakespeares Henry V Essay3276 Words   |  14 PagesLeadership in William Shakespeares Henry V At the time when Henry V was written in 1599, Englandwas in chaos, facing many dilemmas. The country was coming to the end of the Elizabethan era. Queen Elizabeth was in the final years of her reign and she was getting old, which must be taken into consideration. Therefore, the issue of succession was very topical. Who was to become the next monarch of England? This issue arose because there was no heir to the throne sinceRead MoreDifferent Approaches to War in Wilfred Owens Mental Cases and Henry Vs Speech2463 Words   |  10 PagesDifferent Approaches to War in Wilfred Owens Mental Cases and Henry Vs Speech The poem Mental Cases was written by Wilfred Owen during the First World War and talks about the consequence and effects war has had on the minds of the soldiers. The poem is also very graphic in its descriptions and has an archaic feel. It shows the psychological and physical damage that occurs to the survivors of the war. Wilfred Owen talks as though hes observing them in a mental hospitalRead MoreA Comparison of Olivier and Branaghs Adaptations of Henry V Essays2716 Words   |  11 PagesA Comparison of Olivier and Branaghs Adaptations of Henry V Media Comparative Essay: (in the medium of film) concerning the 2 well known film versions of Shakespeare’s Henry V of Olivier (1944) and Branagh (1989) in the specific scenes of â€Å"A Little Touch of Harry in the Night† and â€Å"The Crispin Crispian Speech† A comparison of these scenes in the two film versions of Henry V indicated above in a discussion of all the major cinematic issues in integrating a story likeRead More Comparing Henry Miller and Jack Kerouac Essay examples3680 Words   |  15 PagesComparing Henry Miller and Jack Kerouac I. Introduction It has never been an uncommon thing for one to retreat to nature in an attempt to ‘find one’s self,’ and somewhat clichà © these days is the retreat to nature to ‘find God.’ Hundreds of books, essays, seminars, and retreats devote themselves to helping one understand how to find enlightenment and healing through connecting with nature. It is a phenomenon that transcends religious boundaries—everyone, from Buddhists to Christian Mystics toRead MoreErnest Hemingway Essay6491 Words   |  26 Pages Table Of Contents: I. Intoduction II. Childhood III. A Writing Career Begins IV. Novels for the Ages V. Other Recognizable Works VI. Conclusion VII. Bibliography I. Introduction Across more than half a century, the life and work of Ernest Hemingway have been at the center of controversy and intrigue. From the moment he embarked on his career as a writer, he presented himself to the world as a man’s man, a sportsman, a street-wise reporter, a heroic, battle-scared soldier, and an aficionado ofRead MoreComparing the Dramatic Presentation of Act 3 Scene 2 in the 1953 Film Version with Shakespeares Text2357 Words   |  10 Pageswith Shakespeares Text Julius Caesar was written in 1599 by William Shakespeare (1564-1616). The play is both a history and tragedy. It was based on Sir Thomas Norths translation of Plutarchs lives. Julius Caesar has the tell-tale features of a history and tragedy, such as it being very much based on one leader figure (Julius Caesar) and having rousing speeches, similar to Shakespeares Henry V (St. Crsipins Day speech). It also includes a battle, although everything Read MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 Pageswith his scientific knowledge — that was, not much at all. He writes that science was a distant, unexplained subject at school. Textbooks and teachers alike did not ignite the passion for knowledge in him, mainly because they never delved in the whys, hows, and whens. It was as if [the textbook writer] wanted to keep the good stuff secret by making all of it soberly unfathomable. —Bryson, on the state of science books used within his school.[2] [edit] Contents Bryson describes graphically andRead MoreA Short History of Nearly Everything6112 Words   |  25 Pageswith his scientific knowledge — that was, not much at all. He writes that science was a distant, unexplained subject at school. Textbooks and teachers alike did not ignite the passion for knowledge in him, mainly because they never delved in the whys, hows, and whens. It was as if [the textbook writer] wanted to keep the good stuff secret by making all of it soberly unfathomable. —Bryson, on the state of science books used within his school.[2] [edit] Contents Bryson describes graphically and in laypersonsRead MoreStylistic Analysis10009 Words   |  41 Pagesâ€Å"Out of Sight, Out of Mind† by Barnabe Googe†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦26-28 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29-30 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦31-32 Introduction The theme of the course paper is concerned with the stylistic analysis of five poems by different authors (D.H. Lawrence, H.W. Longfellow, R. Burns, Ch. Kingsley, B. Googe). The issue of stylistics and stylistic analysis has been extensively studied in recent years and the problem of stylistics has been a subject of specialRead MoreStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesSTRATEGY SAFARI A GUIDED TOURTHROUGH THE WILDS OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT HENRY MINTZBERG BRUCE AHLSTRAND JOSEPH LAMPEL T H E FREE PRESS NEW YORK aJaiz. u.frmiu/i  «...* „.;i†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢/ . †¢ . . †¢. »Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.. . .. †¢..†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢.-.†¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢a/itiktSii^i THE FREE PRESS A Division of Simon Schuster Inc. 1230 Avenue of the Americas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. THE

Innovative Business Model on Solar Thermal Hot Water System

Question: Prepare a Innovative Business Model on Solar thermal hot water system Answer: Executive Summary This distribution expands upon past investigations of sun oriented vitality sending contained in the Expression Vitality Viewpoint, Vitality Engineering Points of view and a few IEA Innovation Guides. It goes for offering an upgraded picture of current innovation patterns and markets, and also new examinations on how sun powered vitality advances for power, hotness and powers can be utilized as a part of the different vitality devouring parts, now and later on (Wu and Others, 2000). In the event that viable help strategies are placed set up in a wide number of nations amid this decade, sunlight based vitality in its different structures sun powered high temperature, sun oriented photovoltaics, sun oriented warm power, sunlight based fills can make significant commitments to explaining the absolute most dire issues the world now confronts: environmental change, vitality security and widespread access to present day vitality administrations. Sun based vitality offers a clean, atmosph ere inviting, exceptionally copious and boundless vitality asset to humanity, moderately well-spread over the globe. Its accessibility is more prominent in warm furthermore sunny nations those nations that will encounter a large portion of the world's populace and monetary development through the following decades. They will probably contain around 7 billion tenants by 2050 versus 2 billion in frosty and calm nations (counting the majority of Europe, Russia as well as some parts of China and the United States of America). The expenses of sun based vitality have been falling quickly and are entering new territories of intensity (Ramlow and Nusz, 2006). Sunlight based warm power or Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) and sun oriented photovoltaic power (PV) are focused against oil-fuelled power era in sunny nations, as a rule to cover interest crests, and in numerous islands. Top PV in sunny nations can rival high retail power costs. In many markets, notwithstanding, sun based power is n ot yet ready to contend without particular motivations. Business Model The Solar Thermal Heater or Solar Water system is consists by the help of 2 different components. One is solar sensor and the next one is heated water tank. The basic construction or business model of solar water system or solar thermal heater is shown in below. Now we discuss the 2 different components of the Solar Thermal Heater or Solar Water system, which is follows: a) Solar sensor The sun powered sensor or solar sensor is unique in relation to a photovoltaic board, the point of which is to change sun powered vitality in electrical vitality. The sun powered sensor or solar sensor is an alternate framework or system that changes sunlight based vitality into warm vitality (Sheeba and Others, 2009). The working principal of sun powered sensor or solar sensor is very simple, which is discuss in below. A channel warms up under the sun's beams. This funnel or pipe is in a container made of glass that permits the nursery impact to upgrade the warming. Inside the funnel or pipe the high temperature exchange fluid called the "essential fluid." The funnel or pipe or streams into a tank of water that gets warmed. b) The boiling hot water tank The basic operating principal of hot water tank or boiling tank is discussing in below. Frosty water touches base in this tank. The water is warmed up by the essential funnel. The warmed water is put away in the tank. Framework's Disconnection The funnel or pipe system or pipe system must be thermally protected to cut off the heat loss of the whole solar thermal heater or solar water system or business model, which is also shown in below by the help of the basic diagram. Solar thermal heater or solar water system set up a) Fundamental principles Fundamental principles are required for a decent establishment: Above all else, it is vital to make a preparatory study and a decent finding of the requirements to focus the best size for the particular establishment. We have to recognize an area decently presented to the sun with no shading (no shadows of an adjacent structures, vegetation, and so forth.). Customary needs of the heated water storage for better productivity: Make an appraisal of the state of the generation framework and the current circulation framework or system. The sensor must be as close as would be prudent to the heated water tank to cutoff the loss of warm in the pipelines. The office must be promptly available for simple support. b) Sensor introduction To set up sunlight based water heater or solar thermal heater or solar water system, we have to study distinctive parameters, for example, the yearly sun presentation and the introduction of the sun based sensor. As a matter of first importance we have to comprehend the diverse sort of sun radiation, which is shown in below by the help of a basic diagram. Immediate or direct radiation Reflected radiation Diffuse radiation Diffusing via air particles or molecules as well as clouds The introduction of the sun powered sensor or solar sensor must be figured with 5 separate points, which is also shown in below. Where, is sensor tilt edge is sensor azimuth z is zenithal edge is sun powered or solar azimuth is height and plot are figured or measured by the help of a chart or outline, which is shown in below As per this, we can see that in scopes somewhere around 30 and 60, we need to point the sun oriented sensor with a edge near to 35 and a plot near to 0. Cost/ Energy rate assessment It is not simple to focus the boiling point water needs of a family. Generally, we gauge the utilization at 50 liters at 50c every day every individual, except those figures can change by as much as 20%. The benefit of sunlight based water heater or solar water system must be around 1.5 times the everyday needs (Dubey and Tiwari, 2008). To have a more exact thought of the warmed water tank volume, we utilize this equation or formula, which is shown in below. V = [Vp * Np * (Thw Tcw) / (Tst Tcw)] * 1.5 Where, Vp = Volume required every individual person for everyday Np = number of individuals person Thw = heated water temperature Tst = put away water temperature Tcw = cool water temperature For the most part, the high temp water tank is truly voluminous, and the greatest temperature that can be arrived at the framework exposed time of October-April is wasteful. Therefore, it is critical to have a promoter framework or system Mathematical Model "Parallel" frameworks are described by the way that the sun powered warm authority field and the hotness pump are conveying hotness in parallel to the high temperature sinks, now and then by means of a focal high temperature stockpiling. "Serial" frameworks are described by the way that the high temperature conveyed by the sunlight based warm authority is utilized as low temperature hotness source specifically or in a roundabout way by the hotness pump. It must be perceived that these two gatherings are not selective, so one framework can be of both sorts. Alongside this two gatherings, in the specified distributions a third sort "recovery" has been characterized, including those frameworks where the sun based warm high temperature is utilized for the recovery of the source, typically ground. Inside the gathered rundown too the sort "incorporated" has been requisitioned the depiction of frameworks where sun powered warm high temperature is coordinated in a few routes in the general warming framework (Ramlow and Nusz, 2006). For improvement reasons in the present paper al this frameworks are gathered under the sort of "serial" framework or system. In the accompanying figures illustrations of the single framework sorts are indicated. In Figure 2 and Figure 3 sunlight based solar thermal and hotness pump frameworks or system utilizing geothermal high temperature exchangers is indicated. In the first case the interconnection is of "parallel" sort just while in the second instance of "serial" and "parallel" sort. Bound together pressure driven plan (left) and the visualization plan square perspective" (right) of a solar thermal system or hotness pump framework. The framework demonstrated applies a geothermal high temperature exchanger as extra hotness source and the sunlight based warm framework and hotness pump framework are associated in a "parallel" manner just. Bound together water driven plan (left) and square view (right) of a solar thermal system and hotness pump framework. The framework demonstrated applies a geothermal high temperature exchanger as extra hotness source and the two frameworks are associated in a "serial" and "parallel" way. Gathering the distinctive solar thermal system and high temperature pump frameworks, and arranging them the most average typologies could be recognized. Out of 80 gathered frameworks, 46 apply just a "parallel" plan of interconnection between the solar thermal system is also the high temperature pump framework. As to the high temperature source connected it could be seen that the frameworks applying geothermal hotness exchangers are the most well-known typology. Actually out of 80 frameworks 33 apply a geothermal hotness source, 27 an aero thermal high temperature source and 12 frameworks utilize just the sun powered warm authority as hotness source. Inside whatever remains of the frameworks water or fumes air is utilized as low temperature hotness source. The execution assessment of solar thermal And Heat Pump System (SAHPS) could be possible on the base of a few figures. Conceivable key figures are Essential Vitality Utilization, Last Vitality Utilization, Electrical Vitality Utilization, CO2 outflows, Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Seasonal Performance Factors (SPF). All these figures do depend from the SAHPS as well as are firmly subordinate from the limit conditions. These limit conditions are partially specifically identified with the introduced framework and building, such as climatic zone, warm vitality proficiency of the building, warm picks up inside the building or the high temperature circulation framework (Esen and Esen 2005, p. 459-468). Partially they are also joined with the area, country or macro zone where the building is found. This is particularly the case if the method for power generation is considered to compute figures, for example, the Essential Vitality Utilization or CO2 outflows. With a specific end goal to do an immediate examination of Vitality Utilization Figures or CO2 emanations it would accordingly be important to test the diverse SAHPS under bound together limit conditions. To do so bring together test systems would be important, which have not been created yet. As officially specified by Zrner W. et al (2009) or Bachmann S. et al (2008) the meaning of such test strategies could empower a more straightforward framework portrayal. The focal execution figure utilized as a part of the present paper is the Coefficient of Performance (COP) and Occasional Execution Variable (SPF) of the hotness pump, the high temperature pump framework and the sun oriented warm and high temperature pump framework. This methodology has been utilized also by Miara M. et al (2010), Stojanovic B. et al (2010) or Ozgener O. et al (2007). The Coefficient of Performance is utilized to portray the execution power proportion of a solitary hotness pump and considers just the high temperature force conveyed by the condenser and the electrical force of the compressor. It is discuss as follow. COPHP =Qcond / comp The Regular Execution Component depicts the vitality execution proportion of an unit in a characterized time of time (e.g. one warming season). In the event that the unit is the high temperature pump there is incorporated the vitality utilization of the compressor, yet also the stand by vitality utilization or the vitality utilization of an in the long run introduced electric go down radiator. While the warm vitality delivered by the condenser and too the electric radiator are considered. The SPF high temperature pump is characterized as takes after: SPFHP = (QHPtot + QEHtot) / (EHPtot + EEH) In the event that the unit is expanded the hotness pump as well as too the high temperature pump framework is considered (Mills 2004 p. 153-157). For this situation the power utilization of the pumps (for the geothermal hotness exchanger or to the open air unit) and of the ventilators (if there should arise an occurrence of aero thermal frameworks) are incorporated. The SPF hotness pump framework is characterized SPFHPS = ( (QHPtot + QEHtot) / (EHPtot + ECPHeatSource + EVent + EEH) On the off chance that the unit is further amplified the entire sun oriented warm and hotness pump framework is considered. For this situation the power utilization of the dissemination pumps also to the sun oriented warm authority field or between support stockpiles is incorporated; on the warm side too the warm picks up of the sun oriented gatherer field are considered. The SPF sun based warm and high temperature pump framework is characterized as: SPFHPS = ( (QHPtot + QEHtot + QSoltot) / (EHPtot + ECPHeatSource + EVent + EEH + ECPsol) The referred to definitions are of general kind and mean to clarify the idea of the execution figures indicated in the accompanying section. As the single SAHPS show altogether different water powered plans also the execution figures change somewhat in their definition in the single distributions. In the clarifications' of the single frameworks the creators notice possible varieties. References Anderson, T. and Morrison, G. (2007). Effect of load pattern on solar-boosted heat pump water heater performance. Solar Energy, 81(11), pp.1386-1395. Ballestrin, J. (2002). A non-water-cooled heat flux measurement system under concentrated solar radiation conditions. Solar Energy, 73(3), pp.159-168. Belessiotis, V. and Mathioulakis, E. (2002). Analytical approach of thermosyphon solar domestic hot water system performance. Solar Energy, 72(4), pp.307-315. Benrejeb, R., Helal, O. and Chaouachi, B. (2015). Optical and thermal performances improvement of an ICS solar water heater system. Solar Energy, 112, pp.108-119. Burch, J. (2009). Diagnosis of solar water heaters using solar storage tank surface temperature data. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Dubey, S. and Tiwari, G. (2008). Thermal modeling of a combined system of photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar water heater. Solar Energy, 82(7), pp.602-612. Esen, M. and Esen, H. (2005). Experimental investigation of a two-phase closed thermosyphon solar water heater. Solar Energy, 79(5), pp.459-468. Gang, P., Guiqiang, L., Xi, Z., Jie, J. and Yuehong, S. (2012). Experimental study and exergetic analysis of a CPC-type solar water heater system using higher-temperature circulation in winter. Solar Energy, 86(5), pp.1280-1286. Jaisankar, S., Radhakrishnan, T. and Sheeba, K. (2009). Experimental studies on heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of forced circulation solar water heater system fitted with helical twisted tapes. Solar Energy, 83(11), pp.1943-1952. Mills, D. (2004). Assessing solar hot water system performance with GIS. Solar Energy, 76(1-3), pp.153-157. Ramlow, B. and Nusz, B. (2006). Solar water heating. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers. ROONPRASANG, N., NAMPRAKAI, P. and PRATINTHONG, N. (2008). Experimental studies of a new solar water heater system using a solar water pump. Energy, 33(4), pp.639-646. Wang, R., Li, M., Xu, Y. and Wu, J. (2000). An energy efficient hybrid system of solar powered water heater and adsorption ice maker. Solar Energy, 68(2), pp.189-195.

Legit Essay Writing Services Essay Example

Legit Essay Writing Services Paper Our legit essay writing services ensures that you are not being scammed out of your money. If any of you had ever been scammed before you would then know why it is imperative that you find companies that say who they say they are and do what they say they can do.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Legit essay writing services can be very difficult to spot among the many fraudulent ones among them. This is why we need to be cautious when we are searching for help from one of these writing services since they can cost you extra money, a chance of being flunked and of course total frustration. These services offer you the chance of getting the passing grade that you always wanted without the hassle of sweating the big stuff while you can still enjoy leisure time with friends and family. These legit essay writing services are beneficial to those persons who have a lot on their plate to handle or maybe can’t cope with assignment deadlines; this is where legit essay writing services come in. These services ensure that you meet your deadline with enough time to make corrections if you desire. We will write a custom essay sample on Legit Essay Writing Services specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Legit Essay Writing Services specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Legit Essay Writing Services specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer With their twenty four hour service you can make connections to them even at 3am in the morning just to get a progress report on how your assignment is coming along. This saves you the hassle of trying to get out of class early to just to make contact with them. When hiring legit essay writing services there are a number of things that you would need to look out for to make sure that you are not being scammed such as Checking for sampled work- if the company provides original pieces of sampled work then the company is legit. One way to find out if the work samples are original is to always check to see if the samples are found on the internet. If they are you now that this company is fraudulent. Writers- legit essay writing services ensure that their writers are highly qualified as this helps them bring in more traffic to their service based on the customer service as well as customer satisfaction. Note that legit companies have no problem when it comes to introducing you to their writers upon request. Reputation- don’t be fooled by fake positive reviews on the services of writing companies since this can be just for show to lure in unsuspecting new customers. Seek writing companies that are well known and reputable to ensure the best quality for your work. Telephone numbers- legit essay writing services have their telephone numbers of their websites but it’s not just ok to see it there and think well they are legit. Oh no, you would need to call the numbers that are provided on the website so that you can erase and doubts that are in your mind about the company Always check the price- Even though you may be looking for an affordable price to get your assignments done, prices that are of a significantly lower range than others is a sure sign of noting that the company is just a scam. Don’t be afraid to spend your money to get the quality that you deserve from a company that you trust.

A Farewell To Arms Essays (333 words) - English-language Films

A Farewell to Arms A Farewell to Arms The overall tone of the book is much different than that of The Sun Also Rises. The characters in the book are propelled by outside forces, in this case WWI, where the characters in SAR seemed to have no direction. Frederick's actions are determined by his position until he deserts the army. Floating down the river with barely a hold on a piece of wood his life, he abandons everything except Catherine and lets the river take him to a new life that becomes increasing difficult to understand. The escape to Switzerland seemed too perfect for a book that set a tone of ugliness in the world that was only dotted with pure love like Henry's and Cat's and I knew the story couldn't end with bliss in the slopes of Montreux. In a world where the abstracts of glory, honor, and sacrifice meant little to Frederick, his physical association with Catherine was the only thing he had and it was taken away from him long before she died. The love that Frederick and Catherine had for each other was more than could be explained in words and Frederick makes it known that words are not really effective at describing the flesh and blood details. Their love during an ugly war was not to be recreated or modeled even as much as through a baby conceived by their love. The baby could not be born alive because their love was beautiful yet doomed so that nothing could come out of it. Hemingway's language is effective in leaving much to the readers interpretation and allowing a different image to form in each readers mind. The simple sentences and incomplete descriptions frees your imagination and inspires each person to develop their own bitter love story.

Free Essays on Punk Rock

Often when people think of punk music they still think of the eighties â€Å"Down with government, beat the heck out of your neighbor, get wasted† stereotype. Punk is a term applied to a child or teenager who acts in an antisocial way. Some think that punk music is a form of rebellion, and that it is turned against all other musical forms and influences. Webster’s Universal Dictionary defines a punk as 1. (slang) a. someone worthless or unimportant. b. a young ruffian; hoodlum. c. an inexperienced youth d. a young male partner of a homosexual. 3. a style or movement characterized by the adoption of aggressively unconventional and often bizarre or shocking clothing, hairstyles, etc., and the defiance of social norms usually associated with punk rock musicians and fans.5. (informal) poor in quality or condition. It says that punk rock is rock music marked by loud, insistent music and aggressive, often abusive or violent lyrics. I don’t agree with all of these, so c alled, â€Å"definitions.† That is a very bad interpretation of what punk and what punk rock is. People I know that are considered punks by their peers are not worthless, unimportant, hoodlums, or a partner of a homosexual. And punk rock that I listen to is not insistent, or abusive, and it doesn’t have violent lyrics. Punk music is as much cultural as it is musical. It goes without saying that punk music has earned its reputation for being high impact, loud, energetic and intense. However, people often associate the message of all punk music as containing nothing more then violent, anti-government statements, and messages of alienation. Many people share the view that it has nothing to say and has offered nothing but a continued sentiment of hostility towards its fans. This is an unfair judgment of a genre of music whose fans are as variable as the messages of the music itself. Punk music has indeed offered messages of abstinence rather then promiscuity, faith rather then ... Free Essays on Punk Rock Free Essays on Punk Rock Often when people think of punk music they still think of the eighties â€Å"Down with government, beat the heck out of your neighbor, get wasted† stereotype. Punk is a term applied to a child or teenager who acts in an antisocial way. Some think that punk music is a form of rebellion, and that it is turned against all other musical forms and influences. Webster’s Universal Dictionary defines a punk as 1. (slang) a. someone worthless or unimportant. b. a young ruffian; hoodlum. c. an inexperienced youth d. a young male partner of a homosexual. 3. a style or movement characterized by the adoption of aggressively unconventional and often bizarre or shocking clothing, hairstyles, etc., and the defiance of social norms usually associated with punk rock musicians and fans.5. (informal) poor in quality or condition. It says that punk rock is rock music marked by loud, insistent music and aggressive, often abusive or violent lyrics. I don’t agree with all of these, so c alled, â€Å"definitions.† That is a very bad interpretation of what punk and what punk rock is. People I know that are considered punks by their peers are not worthless, unimportant, hoodlums, or a partner of a homosexual. And punk rock that I listen to is not insistent, or abusive, and it doesn’t have violent lyrics. Punk music is as much cultural as it is musical. It goes without saying that punk music has earned its reputation for being high impact, loud, energetic and intense. However, people often associate the message of all punk music as containing nothing more then violent, anti-government statements, and messages of alienation. Many people share the view that it has nothing to say and has offered nothing but a continued sentiment of hostility towards its fans. This is an unfair judgment of a genre of music whose fans are as variable as the messages of the music itself. Punk music has indeed offered messages of abstinence rather then promiscuity, faith rather then ...

Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5500 words

Case Study Analysis - Essay Example The company has a web site which provides an overview of the business but it does not encompass any e-commerce related activity. Seeing the importance of e-business in today’s business world, the top management of Panfore electronics, Inc has decided to establish a new web based business or ecommerce platform that will be helpful in managing the business dealings and will offer better business market status. This new dimension of e-commerce for the Panfore electronics, Inc will bring better competitive advantages. 1- INTRODUCTION Many aspects of the way corporations or individuals perform their operations and compete in the current period will be determined by means of huge network of electronic networks that was emerged as the information thruway but now it is known as the Internet (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). Basically, the internet is a large network of networks that is used by the millions of corporations, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals to carry out their everyday work (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005, pp. 11-12) and (Norton, 2001). The rapid growth of information technology (internet, e-commerce, information systems etc) during last few years has greatly influenced the corporations. Additionally, at the present, e-commerce has become one of the most significant features of the Internet which has appeared in the recent times. Normally, electronic commerce (e-commerce) refers to the implementation of business over the internet with the help of PCs those are connected to each other in the form of a network. In more simple words, ecommerce is the process of buying and selling (products, goods or services) using a digital infrastructure (Hendershot, 2011) and (EcommerceEducation, 2007). The basic purpose of e-business is to help establish a business that be executed over the Internet, or using Internet systems and technologies to enhance the prosperity or production of a company. On the other hand, this te rm can be used to explain some type of electronic business: specifically to express any company that makes use of a computer system. This practice is rather old-fashioned, though, in the majority cases e-business denotes wholly to Internet businesses. In more simple words, e-business refers to the process of offering and selling products, goods and services using web. Thus, corporations can use e-business to reach at a great deal broader customer base as compared to some customary retail shops with everlasting substantial sites could always anticipate. In this scenario, the role of e-business is acknowledged as ecommerce; however both ideas are used identically. There is another fact about e-business, that is, it can be used to get access to the across the border products or supplies for domestic production. In this scenario, e-business is acknowledged as e-Procurement. In this way the corporations can reduce their expenses radically. Moreover, a lot of e-businesses that work withou t having an electronic business platform at the present make use of e-procurement as a main method to effectively follow and run their purchases (McGuigan, 2011) and (Ray, 2004). Panfore electronics is among one of the major suppliers of power management solutions, such as eco-reactive chargers for notebooks, laptop computers and mobile electronic devices (for example PDAs, mobile phones, digital cameras, and so on.). Additionally, Panfore

Development and Policy in Modern Europe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Development and Policy in Modern Europe - Essay Example After periods of accumulation of wealth prior to the World War II, only a short period of time during the war was sufficient to send Europe on its knees. The prestigious position of the powerhouse of world industrialization was at risk if nothing was forthcoming, to salvage not only Europe but the rest of the world as well. As illustrated, the success thus highlighted after the war would not be conceptualized were it not for socioeconomic and political realignment of the post war community in Europe and in the USA. Firstly, the Word War II had just brought Europe on its knees and the cooperation demonstrated during the formation of alliances prior to the war seemed to have a longer future as the proverbial friends in need should. Without assurances of cooperation at the end of the war in 1939, there would have been little hope for recovery from the devastating impact of the war. The Allies were committed to continue their ties during the recovery period ahead, which is demonstrated by landmark political reorganization to recovery and prevention of similar ugly events in the future. Governments had to make arrangements to cater for declined production and nose-diving unemployment levels against pressures of demand. Hope for recovery against a backdrop of numerous setbacks that stood in the way was only in the promises of success as witnessed in the alliances formed during the war. In addition, perhaps the first brave move that restored balance in international economies came in 1944 by the Bretton Woods agreement on stability in international payment through the US dollar. According to MQF (2012, para.1), the stability obtained during the Bretton Woods conference was achieved through the creation of the IMF as well as the World Bank and the subsequent agreement of a standard based on gold and dollar valuation. In the aftermath of the established economic regime, global inflation had

The Namesake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Namesake - Essay Example Inside Bengali belief, Gogol ought to have been the character's nickname inside their home and Nikhil is his official name for his documents. However through a sequence of catastrophes, Gogol is what bonds and this neither Indian-nor-American label comes to put up with his battle with identity, customs together with everything amidst. Just like in the composition of Amy Tan "Mother Tongue", she talk about various matters including language as well as cultural barriers tackled by her and her family members during the time when she was growing up. This is also the same with the encounters of Gogol when he was growing up. Mother Tongue, similar with The Namesake also discusses labels and lack of value being conveyed by their ethnic background also the struggles produced by being Asian inside America. Both narrations talked about communication difficulties between the relatives and the society. And the obstacles faced because of this verbal communication crisis that their family holds with the rest of society. Both realized how much the environment as well as people can transform the way you apply and discover the English language for both the good as well as for the bad. Gogol's remoteness from his parents is not very much an effect aligned with being Indian as it is a comm

Analysis Starbucks Operational Financial Organisational Marketing Capabilities Marketing Essay

Analysis Starbucks Operational Financial Organisational Marketing Capabilities Marketing Essay The organisation chosen for the task is Starbucks Corp. and the report would compare it with two similar companies, one being Costa Coffee and the other being Caffà © Nero. The report would highlight the frameworks underpinning the competitive position of Starbucks and also would identify and asses the economic and the competitive position of the firm. A financial model using appropriate ratio analysis would also be presented in a spreadsheet format identifying the industry trends and their impact on the performance of Starbucks vis-à  -vis Costa Coffee and Caffà © Nero. Both quantitative and qualitative data would be made available so as to provide an insight into Starbucks sustainable performance and prospects. Analysis of Starbucks operational, financial, organisational and marketing capabilities would be made available through application of PESTEL analysis and Porters 5 forces model. The report would also discuss the issues, the problems, the opportunities and the options available to Starbucks for future business growth, followed by conclusions to draw together all the variables identified. Recommendations would be provided for the company highlighting the direction it needs to take to ensure business profitability with comments on the suitability, acceptability and the feasibility of the options made available. INTRODUCTION The Starbucks Company was founded in Seattle in 1971 by Jerry Baldwin, Gordon Bowker and Zev Seigel with a vision to educate American consumers about the fine coffee drinking experience. In 1987 Howard Schultz took over the Starbucks Group, he wanted to create the Italian espresso bar experience in the States by creating a personal relationship between the customers and their coffee. In 1995, the company really took off with the opening of its 676th store, and the expansion strategy to Hawaii, Singapore and Japan being very successful. By 2000, 3,300 stores were already in operation and Starbucks had ventured into markets ranging from England to Australia. As standing, Starbucks is number one in the industry, with more than 12,000 shops in more than 35 countries. Just within a couple of years they grew from a small coffee business house to a multi-million dollar player in the speciality coffee industry by buying only the best coffee available and providing the people with an unmatched store experience. The Starbucks mission statement is To inspire and nurture the human spirit one person, one cup and one neighbourhood at a time. Freshly brewed coffee is the main product offered by Starbucks along with other drinks which include cold and hot teas, cakes and pastries. The Starbucks coffee comes in a many varieties each possessing a different taste, aroma and flavour. INDUSTRY TRENDS AND MARKET ANALYSIS The market right now for gourmet coffee business is hot. All the multi-national fast food chains and street-corner shops want in on the boom. Many big companies are focusing on the supply of specialty branded coffees and the scenario is heating up. Specialty coffee is one of the fastest growing food services markets globally. Growth in the coffee industry is continuously peaking, with many new overseas companies entering the market using policies like special discounts and perks despite the questionable quality of the coffee being used to increase the market share. A notable trend seen is that often a significant increase in sales occurs every time a cafà © starts to use branded consumables. The consensus is that these coffee drinks would be a long-term trend, with focus on elevating the customers taste for a product that they are already familiar with and then leading them to coffee houses to get it. Many companies are also tinkering with expanding the food menus as well including an in-store display of fresh baked goods, sandwiches and various confectionary items. The newest trend is the drive-thru coffee stores. Starbucks has many such stores, all of which are seeing continual growth and long lines. Another trend includes customer requests for organic coffees, which has encouraged retailers to move towards the beans growing environment. The array of products offered has never been as wide, as retailers are adding more flavours to whole beans and creating variations to the basics of espresso and steamed milk. The clever retailers have added iced tea concoctions and coffee shakes to their menus to outdo competitors. Most specialty retailers now also retail whole beans and many such stores have added coffee grinders, espresso machines and other brewing supplies for add on sales. STARBUCKS ANALYSIS This part of the report would analyse the working of the business by application of PESTEL analysis, Porter 5 forces and the BCG Matrix. PESTEL Analysis POLITICAL Taxation policy High taxes levied on farmers in the bean producing countries, would consequently increase the rate at which Starbuck would buy the coffee beans and any such fluctuations in the taxation policy would certainly be passed on to the consumer, who now would have to purchase the end item at a higher price. International trade regulations and tariffs Trade issues would affect Starbucks directly when exporting and importing goods. When the government of the trading country imposes a tariff it would not only result in an efficiency loss for Starbucks but such large income transfers can also become inconsistent with equity. This extra charge would have to be borne by the consumers. Government stability A change in government policies has a direct impact on the taxation and legislation framework. Also the countries in political turmoil or civil war should be approached with great caution when considering new ventures. Employment law A reduction in licensing and permit costs in the bean producing countries would lower production costs for farmers. This saving would in turn be passed on to Starbucks when purchasing beans and finally to the consumers. ECONOMIC Interest rates High interest rates would mean putting off the investment and expansion plans of Starbucks, which would result in fewer earnings for the firm. Low interest rates should have the opposite effect. Economic Growth Consumer incomes would fall in periods of negative growth leaving less disposable income impacting the sales for Starbucks. Inflation rates Business costs will rise in times of inflation which would ultimately have to be borne by the consumer. Competitors pricing Competitive pricing from competitors would impact Starbucks pricing that would drive down the profit margin as they try to maintain their market share. Exchange rates If the currency value falls in a bean supplying country, Starbucks would get more for the same price, when importing the goods. This saving would be passed to the end consumer. SOCIAL Population demographics Identification of the target population at which Starbuck needs to aim their products is a significant factor in the business operations. The marketing campaign undertaken would focus accordingly. Coffee is more of a luxury product, so the people with the most amount of disposable income should be targeted. Working Population A large number of workers in big cities now go out for lunch and meals. Starbucks can cash this to their advantage and promote the shop as a place where people can meet and eat, boosting the sales. Location A good location which is easily accessible is vital to ensure that the customers visit the shop. TECHNOLOGICAL IT development Starbucks launched its first-generation e-commerce website in 1998. As a result, scalability and performance have improved, and the company now has the tools it needs to profile and target customers, analyse site data, and deliver new features to the market in the shortest time possible. New materials and processes Developments in the technology of coffee making machines and the computers that Starbucks use to run their cash registers will enable their staff to work more quickly and efficiently. This will result in customers being served quicker and create the potential to serve more customers in a day.. Rate of technological change The pace at which technology is advancing is astounding. Starbucks would need to invest heavily just to stand still in the ever expanding and developing market, and even more so to try to stay ahead of competitors. ENVIRONMENTAL Pollution problems Starbucks customers create a lot of waste by disposing off the cup and the contents incorrectly. The material for the cup should be carefully considered to make it as biologically degradable as possible. Planning permissions Planning permission may not be granted to Starbucks if the construction would harm the environment. The land may be protected. Work disposal There are strict laws in most countries pertaining to waste disposal and non-adherence to these could lead to Starbucks being sanctioned, which would affects them financially and also tarnish the reputation of the brand name. Environmental pressure groups Starbucks should be aware of the physical and influential power of groups such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth. Any violation of animal or environmental rights by a company is usually followed by a swift and attention-drawing protest from one of the groups. Brand image and customer bases are often irreconcilably tarnished due to the actions of these groups. LEGAL Trade and product restrictions Starbucks need to be aware of the trade laws in the countries where they have established businesses. They need to ensure they are not in violation of any such laws. Certain countries impose a tariff that has to be paid when goods are imported/exported so this must be taken into account as well. Employment laws Each country has different employment laws, like a limit on the number of hours an employee can work per week, varying levels of minimum wage etc. Starbucks should be aware of such factors when considering business expansion. Health and Safety regulations By not maintaining high standards they would be liable for damages if found in violation as it is a legal requirement for them to enable that their staff and customers are safe when they are in their stores. Land use Starbucks have to abide by the laws of the building authorities when constructing shops or altering purchased sites and if found in violation of land rules, it can be panalised by the local authorities. PORTER 5 FORCES ANALYSIS 1. COMPETITIVE RIVALRY Starbucks is the leading retailer, roaster and brand of specialty coffee in the world. Major competitors include Costa coffee, Caffà © Nero, Seattles Best Coffee and secondary coffee providers such as McDonalds, Burger King and Dunkin Donuts. The competition is nowhere near to Starbucks volume of operations and sales. Consumption of coffee is not dependent on the price of the product but also on the differentiation between each product and several value adding variables such as the quality of customer services, brand, brand recognition and image of the company. Hence, Starbucks is not majorly sensitive to movements of other firms in this segment. 2. THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS Starbuck is the world leader in its industry and has controlled access to distribution channels. Starbucks have exhibited this control over distribution channels by setting guidelines for their suppliers to follow. Starbucks is also constantly innovating and showing strong product differentiation to hamper the possibility of new entrants. However, the entry barrier for the industry is relatively low and any big firm where capital is not a problem could be a potential entrant. Some of the more current and on-going threats of new entrants include fast food chains such as McDonalds, Burger King and Dunkin Donuts which can become a major problem in the near future. 3. BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS A big threat to Starbucks is the absence of switching costs in the speciality coffee industry, customers face no switching costs in switching from Starbucks to Costa Coffee or Caffà © Nero for a cup of coffee. Another threat to Starbucks is that their customers have the ability to brew their own coffee. Starbucks has tried to counter this threat by offering Preferred Office Coffee Providers as well as directions on how to make the perfect cup of Starbucks coffee at home, called the Four Fundamentals of Coffee. The perfect cup of Starbucks Coffee includes, of course, Starbucks ingredients! Also with new entrants and competitors such as McDonalds who claim to offer premium roast coffee of reasonable quality for lower price, it is clear that Starbucks customers have some bargaining power in the industry. 4. BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS Coffee is the worlds second largest traded commodity. South and Central America produce the majority of coffee traded in the world. Starbucks depends upon both outside brokers and direct contact with exporters for the supply of premium coffee beans. The quality of coffee beans sought by Starbucks is very high, proving to be a potential threat to the company. Only suppliers who can meet Starbucks coffee standards will be able to supply the giant company. The supplying industry only has few firms which can deliver the quality giving them considerable bargaining powers. However, Starbucks counters this due to its massive size and being the primary buyer and also because of the importance of Starbucks business to any individual supplier as it would account for a large percentage of the total suppliers sales, thus reducing the bargaining power of suppliers. THE THREAT OF SUBSTITUTION Substitute products are the products that can pose as a trade-off for the product being offered by a company. In the specialty coffee industry, substitute products can be soft drinks, tea, energy drinks, fruit juices and other caffeinated drinks. Here innovation would play a huge role. To counter this Starbucks have given their menus a complete revamp and have differentiated so many of their products which are now part of the main product line. The menu includes various teas, hot and cold coffee, baked goods and various confectionary items. The only true direct substitute for specialty coffee would be the basic coffee, which is of lower quality than specialty and as such does not present any threat. STARBUCKS FINANCIAL ANALYSIS This part of the report would highlight the financial position of Starbucks using the annual reports and comprehensive ratio analysis for the financial years 2008, 2009 and 2010 which are enclosed in the appendix. 2008 In fiscal 2008, Starbucks experienced declining store sales in its stores, primarily due to lower customer traffic. The weaker traffic was caused due to number of on-going factors in the global economy such as the higher costs of gas and food, rising levels of unemployment and personal debt along with reduced access to consumer credit. In fiscal year 2008, store sales declined a margin of 8%. Consolidated operating income was $503.9 million in fiscal 2008, and operating margin for the year was 4.9% compared with 11.2% in the prior year. Approximately 260 basis points of the decrease in operating margin was a result of restructuring charges, primarily related to the significant US store closures. EPS for fiscal 2008 was $0.43, compared to EPS of $0.87 per share earned in the prior year. Restructuring charges and costs associated with the execution of the transformation agenda impacted EPS by approximately $0.28 per share in fiscal 2008. 2009 Fiscal 2009 was a challenging year for Starbucks. The difficult economic environment had strained consumer discretionary spending in the US and internationally, which negatively impacted company revenues, store sales, operating income and operating margins. Starbucks responded by creating a business model that was less reliant on high revenue growth to drive profitability. The primary initiatives of the strategy included rationalizing the global company operated store portfolio and reducing the cost structure, while renewing the focus on service excellence. Starbucks closed down approximately 1000 stores. Initiatives targeting reductions in the cost structure in fiscal 2009 proceeded as planned, with full year costs of $580 million removed from the cost structure. The company maintained a solid financial foundation, with no short term debt outstanding at the end of fiscal 2009 and with cash and liquid investments totalling more than $650 million. The solid financial position and continued strong cash flow generation provided Starbucks with the financial flexibility to implement its restructuring efforts. 2010 In fiscal 2010, revenues increased to a record $10.7 billion. Operating income increased by $857 million from  ¬Ã‚ scal 2009 to $1.4 billion. The full-year operating margin of 13.3 % represented the highest full-year consolidated operating margin in Starbucks history. Fiscal 2010 ended with the highest full-year comparable store sales growth that Starbucks have seen in the recent past, while the earnings per share also grew more than double from  ¬Ã‚ scal 2009. BENCHMARKING WITH COSTA COFFEE AND CAFFÉ NERO Starbucks is a US chain whereas both Costa Coffee and Caffà © Nero were established in the UK. Costa Coffee was setup in London in 1971 by Bruno and Sergio Costa and acquired by Whitbread PLC in 1995. Caffà © Nero was established by Gerry Ford in 1997 in the UK. The comparison would be carried out using the financial information of the three firms which is available in the appendix. The comparison would majorly be based on the UK market. There are 1,175 Costa Coffee shops in Britain as compared to 731 of Starbucks and 440 of Caffà © Nero. A comprehensive business analysis of Starbucks has already been supplied in the above report; this part would focus on the business analysis of Caffà © Nero and Costa Coffee individually followed by a coherent conclusion of the findings. Costa Coffee According to the financial data available operating profit grew by 59.5% to  £36.2  million; 312 net new stores were acquired or opened and like for like sales increased by 5.5. Costa operates in 25 countries and is now the number two international coffee shop operator with 1,600 stores: 1,069in the UK; and 531 overseas. Sales performance improved strongly across the year, confirming the brands resilience, even in a recessionary environment. Caffà © Nero The groups 60% equity is held by the Ford family, the rest 30% by a private equity firm Paladin and 10% with the management. Caffà ¨ Nero has recently completed a successful  £140m refinancing in a bid to fund the businesss future growth ambitions. The business, which has 500 outlets in the UK and internationally and has registered 54 consecutive quarters of positive like-for-like growth, is forecast to generate  £31m in earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) for the 12 months to May 2011. Revenue for the same period is forecast to reach  £171m, an increase of 11% on the previous year. The new financial structure would provide the Group with a financial platform to support its growth ambitions and expansion plans both in the UK and internationally. Nero has a lot of ups including strong brand positioning, intensive marketing campaigns and a clear differentiation point. However, there are some weaknesses, one of them being lack of experience in going international, thus some problems could arise while penetrating foreign markets. Though both the companies Costa and Nero are well established in the UK market, Starbucks is the industry leader in the world and is a major competition to them in the UK. Financial turnover of the Starbucks Group is so massive that it provides them with all the capital requirements to innovate and differentiate their product from the 2 competitors; it already has established a sizeable market share in the UK, but still needs to take over Costa Coffee which it should be able to do in the near future, looking at the financial figures provided and the international global strategy adopted by the group which seems very promising. ISSUES FACING STARBUCKS The major challenge that Starbucks is dealing with is the current financial crisis in the world economy forcing them to call closures of many stores around the world. Another challenge that Starbucks is dealing with is competitors. There are numerous coffee shops all over the world and being able to stand out to generate customers is important. Their main competitors are Dunkin Donuts, McDonalds, and Nestle in the US and brands like Costa Coffee and Caffà ¨ Nero in the UK, the two major markets for Starbucks. It is important that for Starbucks to know their competitors and what they are currently doing. Also Starbuck coffees are priced higher than other market competitors because of Starbucks only purchasing the highest quality coffee beans for their product, thus increasing the price of the drink. As Starbucks have many competitors, this can be a potential advantage to for such competitors. Also Starbucks inadequate marketing strategy on advertising is a hindrance in the business growth opportunities. They prefer to build the brand by promoting the drinks cup-by-cup with customers. The advertisement ends until they drink the coffee, reducing the chances to attract valuable customers. Starbucks also does not emphasize on distributing their products to supermarket because of being concerned with the quality of the coffee; if the coffees were packaged into plastic bags. Also the rigorous expansion strategy followed by Starbucks can take a toll on the firms brand image. As corporations grow there can be a tendency to focus too heavily on increasing output and locations, and less focus on quality and brand image. Starbucks needs to stay with its values and ideals that have made it successful. Also Starbucks policy of not franchising can be a cause of concern for the firm. Advantages of Starbucks franchising would be to open hundreds of new stores with less risk to the company, and make profits in doing so. In addition Starbucks would have less research and development costs because the franchisee would have greater knowledge of the local market in terms of demographics, psychographics, geographic, and local/state/country regulations. RECCOMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION Starbucks has to effectively pursue a Focus-Based Strategy in conjunction with differentiation and cost leadership based strategy. Being a lower cost store will increase the difference between Starbucks and provide it with a competitive edge. At present, Starbucks competitors are attempting to specialize in the coffee business, therefore Starbucks must pursue focus strategy to increase its strength. Starbucks must reduce their product price by producing a new product of coffee using cheaper beans or can come out with special discounts and promotions to reduce cost, thus increasing sales enabling Starbucks to enter new low cost markets and increase profitability. Also needs to focus on building alliances in new markets/countries to reduce management focus and benefit from the local and experience curves. Should focus on advertising the brand through internet services for users to access, do road shows, hand out brochures etc. so that consumers become more aware of the brands strong international presence and brand name. Market penetration and market development will help increase the sales. Access unexplored distribution channels like making available packaged Starbucks coffee for consumers by displaying it nationwide in various convenience and shopping stores and not only Starbucks stores. Starbucks must adopt twin policies of Product Development and Product-Market Diversification to counter the stiff competition in international markets. It is important to understand this in the product development phase as they would need to focus solely on making their existing products better. The company can demonstrate product and market diversification through research and development coupled with creativity and innovation. Product differentiation has proven an excellent defence against threats such as bargaining power of buyers. Developing new products will offset such potential risks. A strategy should be formulated to tackle the competition by entering into agreements, long-term contracts, with the food service companies that they are competing against. This way their coffee would be sold at these outlets and they would gain access to new markets and increase sales while decreasing competition. Starbucks should continue to be a first mover into markets with new products and ideas. Being a first mover of new products into new international markets will be an excellent way for Starbucks to build customer loyalty and uphold its image as an innovative company. Starbucks should continue to locate their operations in high traffic areas, high visibility areas. The company should continue to take excellent care in picking locations. It is extremely important that Starbucks international stores reflect uniqueness in their location and layout. Having locations in a variety of locations will ensure large market exposure.

Shakespeare in Canada Essay examples -- William Shakespeare

Shakespeare’s Dream, A Canadian Reality Love. Shakespeare has a lot to say about love, but mind you, so do The Beatles, Neil Young, and Bob Dylan. Montrà ©al’s Repercussion Theatre recognizes the universality of the thematic concepts that appear throughout Shakespeare’s plays and, in the summer of 2004, staged a distinctive production of A Midsummer Night’s Dream*. Setting the romantic comedy in New France, Director Kevin Orr adapted the words from the 1600’s to include music from the 1960’s, French and English dialogue and Amerindian mythology. Through this production’s staging, characters and setting, as well as the unmistakable element of humour, I discovered a unique theatrical experience that is not only representative of Shakespeare in my Canada, but Shakespeare in my Quà ©bec. I was first introduced to Repercussion Theatre during the summer of 2002 when I attended a performance of The Complete Works of William Shakespeare Abridged at the Vieux-Port in Old Montrà ©al (Appendix B). Even though Repercussion Theatre stages certain shows indoors, they are revered for their Shakespeare-in-the-Park series which, during the summer months, tours the parks of Montrà ©al and the surrounding areas. By moving from one location and community to the next, the production adopts qualities of the environments that the local audiences are familiar with, thus personalizing the * * Unfortunately, I was unable to attend the 2004 staging of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, but have found the production to be very accessible based on my previous exposure to the company, the availability of archival materials, and discussions with those who were present at performances. 2 theatrical experience. In the case of A Midsummer Night’s Dream, t... ...mmer Night’s Dream upholds the company’s mandate to create theatre that is accessible and affordable and relevant to today’s society (Appendix G-1). All while maintaining a clear foundation in Shakespeare’s text, this production’s stage environment, characters and setting (in terms of language and content), and the humourous musical element embody the notions of bilingualism, multiculturalism, and history that I associate with being a Canadian. Funded entirely by Canadian institutions and individuals (Appendix C-7), it is clear that Repercussion Theatre is committed to keeping Shakespeare’s Dream alive in Canada. 6 Works Cited Barratt, Amy. â€Å"Fairies, fur traders and flower power.† Montreal Mirror 15 July 2004. 17 Jan. 2005. . Sinfield, Alan. Faultlines. Berkeley: U of Californation P, 1992. 10-28.

Introduction to Working with Children Essay

E1 – Task: Select three different types of setting from the statutory, voluntary and private sectors for children in your area. Introduction: There are different types of childcare settings for example statutory, voluntary and private. Statutory – This service has to be available by the government or local authorities. An example of a statutory setting in my area is Ravenstone Primary School. Voluntary – This service is provided by organisations such as charities and most of their funding comes from donations. An example of a voluntary setting in my area is The Covent Garden Dragon Hall Trust. Private – These are profit-making services. An example of a private setting in my area is Abacus Nursery. E2 – Task: Give detailed information on how each setting you have selected for E1 support children and their families. Introduction: Detailed information on how each type of setting identified in E1 supports children and their families. Statutory: Children from the ages of 5 – 11 years can attend Ravenstone Primary School. Their aims include: â€Å"Committed to providing an education for the children of Ravenstone which will equip them for the future. 1. We will do this through providing a range of educational, physical, aesthetic and social experiences. 2. These experiences will be of high quality, grounded in high expectations. 3. They will be constantly monitored and evaluated for their effectiveness. 4. They will be provided in an atmosphere conducive to hard work and good relationships between children and between children and adults. The atmosphere will be such that quality is emphasized at all times in terms of work, behavior and ethos, relationships and the environment.† http://www.ravenstoneschool.co.uk/about/show/our_mission 04/10/2012 This setting aims to support children and their families by offering a breakfast and after school facility therefore parents can drop off their child and go work and when finished pick up the child. Private: Children from the ages of 12 months – 5 years can attend Abacus nursery. Their aims include: â€Å"We particularly welcome cooperation with Kaleidoscope[->0], a drama and movement program which was tailor made for us. The children will learn role play, to discuss topics, listen to others, and deliver to an audience and the general confidence to help them thrive once they will start primary school. Aspect of the Alexander Technique are also incorporated for their physical and mental wellbeing. We believe that learning should be a pleasurable experience. Children learn best within a stimulating, secure and supportive environment that acknowledges and builds on prior experiences. At Abacus we recognize that children develop at different rates and it is important that the child’s individual needs are met. Therefore we ensure careful assessment and monitoring of each child in order for them to reach their full potential. Abacus likes to think that the nursery school is an extension of the home, so it is important that the parents feel included and informed in all areas of the nursery programme. Parents are encouraged to take an active role, this can be anything from supplying empty cereal boxes for junk modeling, reading the children stories ,contributing to cultural events and festivals or joining us on trips and outings. We are very pleased to learn that our children often gain entrance in excellent primary schools, from the independent sector as well as the state sector.† http://www.myabacusnursery.co.uk/aboutus.html – 04/10/2012 This setting aims to support children and their families by offering children a place at the nursery whilst parents can go work and see to their other commitments whilst the children will particate with children, be fed, changed and seen to throughout the day at a set fee per term. Voluntary: Children from under 5s and 16+ can attend The Covent Garden Dragon Hall Trust. Their aims include: â€Å"The Covent Garden Dragon Hall Trust was established in 2003 to provide a community facility in the heart of Covent Garden & Holborn, to serve the needs of local residents and the wider public. The overall aim is to develop Dragon Hall as an income generating community resource that will:  ·Enable partnership working in the area to develop around the hub of the venue and establish a consultative mechanism that will enable resources to be pooled, avoid overlap and duplication of services, identify gaps in provision and develop responses to these  ·Provide a venue where a wide range of activities and projects developed by and of benefit to the diverse community of Covent Garden & Holborn can be delivered – initially with a particular focus on providing equality of opportunity for all young people  ·Act as a resource for local residents and other community organisations† http://www.dragonhall.org.uk/home/objectives/ 04/10/2012 This setting aims to support children and their families by offering services to the public at a minimum fee for all ages. This will support children and their families by giving them something to do and keep them occupied. E3 – Task: Describe the main legislation in your country that supports the rights of children. Introduction: In the UK there are many pieces of legislation that is used to protect children and their families. The United Nations Convention on The Rights of The Child 1989 â€Å"The United Nations Convention on the Rights of The Child is an international statement of the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of children. The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20th November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of the Declaration of the Rights of the Child)†. http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publication-pdfs/betterlifeleaflet2012_press.pdf 04/10/12[->1] This Convention includes around 48 articles which everyone must follow as it’s the law. Article 31 – â€Å"Every child has the right to relax, play and join in a wide range of cultural and artistic activities† As a practitioner you have to follow this Article. An example of following this article is, you have a child who has a sight impairment and the children are playing football a way you can make sure the child is included into the activity is by getting a special ball which has sound effects which will make sure the child is included. This Legislation protects children and their families and their rights to be included. Human Rights Act 2000 -The Human Rights Act introduces into UK law the rights and freedoms set out in the European Convention on Human Rights. It mostly came into force on 2nd October 2000. http://www.redp.org.uk/legislation/dda/ – 11/10/12 â€Å"The Act was not designed specifically to protect children but they are accorded the same rights as adults. This means they have the right to dignity, respect and fairness in the way they are treated. Thus a setting is not able to use corporal punishment (smacking and caning) even if a parent consents to it, because it is seen as degrading and a violation of a child’s right. The Human Rights Act means that parents of children are also protected.† Penny Tassoni, page 115, 2007. This legislation supports the rights of children and their families by reassuring that the child and their family have a right to dignity respect and fairness. Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 -An Act to make provision in connection with the protection of children and vulnerable adults. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/47/contents – 11/10/12[->2] â€Å"This Act comes into force from autumn 2008. It is designed to make sure that adults working with children and other vulnerable groups are vetted not just in childcare organisations but also in other organisations such as junior football clubs. This Act may make a difference to the way settings use volunteers and also services, although the current standards make it clear that any adult who has not been checked with the Criminal Records Bureau must never be unsupervised with children.† This legislation supports the rights of children and their families by reassuring that the child and their family have a right to be protected from anyone who may harm them; also ensuring safeguarding vulnerable groups is enforced. Equality Act 2006 -This Act is relatively new and comes into force from Autumn 2007. Penny Tassoni, page 116, 2007. â€Å"A key part of the act is the establishment of the Commission for Equality and Human Rights. It will enforce equality legislation on age, disability and health, gender, race, religion or belief, sexual orientation or transgender status, and encourage compliance with the human rights act 1998. The Commission for Equality and Human Rights will replace the following commissions: Disability Rights Commission, Equal Opportunities Commission and the Commission for Racial Equality.† Penny Tassoni, page 116, 2007. This legislation will support children and their families by making sure there protected from being discriminated for their age, disability, gender, race, religion and so on. E4 – Task: Describe the recognised principles and values that underpin working with children. Introduction – EYFS and the CACHE put together The CACHE Statement of Values which is rules or code of conduct that underpins our everyday life when working with children. Principles 1.The welfare of the child is paramount – As a practitioner you will need to follow this principle to make sure you’re being professional. For example, a child discloses that their mum hit them last night, to make sure that the welfare of the child is paramount is by making sure you follow your settings policy and keep what the child has told you confidential as the welfare of the child is at risk. Also by you doing this you are focusing on the welfare of the child and treating children opinions and their concerns seriously. 2.Practitioners contribute to children’s care, learning and development – As a practitioner you will need to follow this principle to make sure you’re being professional. For example, when putting together activities you need to be aware of all the stages of development, so that you are involving all the children so that they’re stimulated. Children need stimulation and challenge to learn and develop. If you are not aware that every child develops at different paces you may put together an activity which is too hard for the child; the child will get frustrated because there not succeeding in the activity and will get upset if they see the other children completing the activity but their stuck on it because it’s not suitable for their development rate. 3.Practitioners work with parents, guardians and families who are partners in the Care, Learning and Development of their children – As a practitioner you will need to follow this principle to make sure you’re being professional. A way you can work with parents, guardians and families with the development of their child is by respecting their traditions in child care practices make the family feel welcomes and part of the setting. You can achieve this by having mini meetings with the children and parents about the development of the child and you can gather information about the child by doing regular observations so when you have a meeting with the parents you and the parents can discuss how to improve certain aspects of the child’s learning so that it’s learning at her/his full potential. Also create a wall where children can put photos of their family and different cultures to make sure there’s diversity in the setting. Values 1.Celebrate Diversity – As a practitioner you will need to make sure in your setting you aim to always present information about different traditions, festivals, and customs to children. You can present information about different cultures and ect. By having a wall where children can display pictures of their culture, traditions and also family members. Another way is by having different outfits for example an African traditional outfit. 2.Equality of Opportunity – as a practitioner you should respect children individuality and give them the right type and level of care. An example is that you have a child who is partially blind; you will need to plan your activities different so that the child is involved and you’re able to give them the right level of care. E5 – Task: Explain the importance of valuing and respecting all children in the setting. Introduction – When working as a practitioner it is important to value, respecting all children in the setting. When working in a childcare setting it is important that you have a clear understanding of diversity and inclusive practice. As a practitioner you will discover when working with children that every child has different needs and a different personality. For example one child may not like broccoli and another may like broccoli it’s all about taking time to realise the little things to make your job easier and therefore you’re making sure the setting is diverse. Inclusive practice when working with children is very important. Inclusive practice is making sure that every child in the setting is included in activities and given a chance, for example a child who’s got a disability will receive special help to make sure their included in everything and helpe d with things they find hard to finish and do. An example of how you can plan to meet the individual needs of a child and their family is to do observations; observations will determine such things as how a child learns and also what they like and dislike, once you know this it will make it easier for you to plan for children and their families making sure that every child is included. An example to show how you can avoid making assumptions about children and their families, a child may have a bruise and you may jump to conclusions straight away and say that one of the parents has hurt the child, which will cause problems due to you jumping to conclusions without consulting the parents. To avoid making assumptions you should always ask the parents first and also go to your supervisor or manager if you’re worried about a child’s safety. Because even though the child has a bruise she/he could of easily fallen over and hurt themselves. C1 – It is important to listen to children’s views and value their opinions because if you don’t listen carefully you could miss out on important information for example that someone is harming them, as a practitioner children look up to you therefore you need to show respect, listen and value their opinions because it’s your job to look after these children and if a child is trying to share important with you and you ignore them there going to feel frustrated and won’t want to disclose any information with you again because they got rejected last time. E6 – Task: Describe three professional skills that will support you work with children Introduction – when working with children it’s important to have professional skills which will help the setting run smoothly. The three professional skills that will support my work with children are being reliable, good communications skills and diversity & inclusive practice.  ·Reliable – this will support my work when working with children because children need a routine and stability and if you’re not on time and always missing days at work it’ll mess up the settings routine and children will feel unsettled. Also it’s unprofessional and your managers will not take you seriously.  ·Good Communication Skills – this will support your work when working with children because you will understand when speaking with children you should always get down to their level and interact with them therefore they feel more comfortable. Also communication in a setting is very important therefore you should always give people eye contact so that they know you’re listening to them, this also goes for when speaking with parents because you’re looking after their child so they need to know that you’re listening and respect what they’re saying.  ·Diversity and Inclusive Practice – this will support your work when working with children because you will understand that every child is different and you know ways to recognize what they like and don’t like therefore it makes it easier when creating activities because you will know what the children prefer. Also with children of a different religion you can have a wall where children put pictures and stuff of their religion on there so that they feel included. Children with disabilities will have extra support on areas they need so that you can plan activities according to children’s development and capability. E7 – Task: Describe how study skills can support your learning during your training. Introduction – Study skills can support me during my training to ensure I learn at my best. Also by looking into study skills you can recognize how you learn best which will increase your chance of reaching your best potential.  ·Note taking – this can support me during my training as whilst in class getting taught I should take notes so when I’m looking back to do an assignment I can re-cap on what was learnt in that lesson. Also by looking through your notes again it will help you take in what you’ve learnt.  ·Research – this can support me during my training as researching up on information needed for my assignments; this will mean I’ll be reading about the same thing through different sources for example books, internet and magazines and newspapers. This information will support my work.  ·Time management – this can support me during m y training as learning how to deal with time is a very important skill I can use at work or placement. I will learn how to manage my time by setting myself goals to reach within a certain time also when doing assignments I will need to balance out my work and also my work will have deadlines which I will need to meet. I will need to learn to be organised as I have deadlines and if I don’t meet them I’m jeopardising my chances of successfully completing the course.  ·Referencing – this can support me during my training as I will need to reference all my work if I found it from a source, for example if I found a piece of information on the internet no matter how small it is if I don’t reference it I’m jeopardising my work being classed as plagiarism which can also jeopardise me passing my course as I’m copying someone else’s work.  ·Reading aloud – this can support me during my training. If I read aloud pieces of information and notes I have taken this will help me to remember information and be more confident with my points. A lso it will help me when I go to placement or work as I will be more confident. D1 – Task: Explain why the practitioner should develop and maintain appropriate relationships with parents and other professionals Introduction – As a practitioner it is important to maintain professional at all times in every case As a practitioner it’s your duty to support children effectively, by this I mean to avoid emotional attachments; because if you and one child get close and one day you’re not in, the child will be upset as it’s used to you being around and the other staff will find it hard to support the child. Also even though it’s hard, try not to have favourites as the other children will feel left out as you’re not giving them the same amount of care. Another important aspect of maintaining a professional approach is to keep information confidential; this is important because there’s a policy in place which states information should be kept stored away and confidential to make sure the children’s safety is protected. The Data Protection Act 1998 – â€Å"It is the main piece of legislation that governs the protection of personal data in the UK† http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Protection_Act_1998n 25/10/2012[->3]. To make sure you maintain confidentiality in a setting you should make sure you avoid discussions which involve sharing information about a child to anyone expect your manager and the child’s parents and always make sure if you’ve written down information about child or received a letter about that child or it’s family always store away the information in the child’s file and cabinet to make sure that the information is safe and no-one else can get ahold of that information. Also make sure that you follow the Data Protection Act 1998 and your settings confidentiality policies. Another way to maintain appropriate relationships with parents and other professionals is to build a good relationship between parents and other professionals, by you having good relationships with parents and other staff members will make sure that every feels happy secure and comfortable in the setting. Also this will benefit the children as parents disclosing that the child might have a problem one the day will ensure that the child is receiving the best care possible. D2 – Task: Discuss the characteristics of working in a multi-agency team Introduction – the characteristics of working in a multi-agency team is very important that you all work together to make sure the child is receiving the ultimate support. As a practitioner and working with a multi-agency team for example maybe a physiotherapist, speech therapist, signers and social workers the first thing you need to make sure is running smoothly is the communication between you the practitioner and the multi-agency team because you’re working together to ensure the child is receiving the right support and also protecting the child’s safety; a way to make sure this is happening is maybe suggest a weekly meeting to discuss important information which is confidential between you and the multi-agency, this way you’re certain that the communication is there also that information is safe and secure between you and the multi-agency. Also the information that is shared between you and the multi-agency should always be locked away and secure as it contains confidential information about the child which could affect the child if the wrong person got hold of it, so make sure that its locked away in a cabinet with a lock, protect your pc with a password and only discussed on a need to know basis. When you interact with the multi-agency make sure that you present all the relevant information you have found out so for example if you did an observation print of a copy for the multi-agency because this information could help the child progress and remember to always give feedback. B1 – Task: Explain why it is important that practitioners understand the limits and boundaries of their role when working with children Introduction – As a Level 3 practitioner is it important that you know your boundaries when working with children E8 – Bibliography Tassoni,P., (2007).Childcare and Education Level 3 1st edition , Heinemann http://www.ravenstoneschool.co.uk/about/show/our_mission 04/10/2012 http://www.myabacusnursery.co.uk/aboutus.html – 04/10/2012 http://www.dragonhall.org.uk/home/objectives/ 04/10/2012 http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Publication-pdfs/betterlifeleaflet2012_pres

The Dynamics of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependency †Health Essay

The Dynamics of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependency – Health Essay Free Online Research Papers The Dynamics of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependency Health Essay Alcohol is an extremely dangerous substance, not only does it do a lot of damage to the drinker physically and emotionally, it also harms others around them such as family, friends and the society in general (Gmel, Rehm, 2003). This essay will look at the dynamics of alcohol, addiction, past and present approaches of alcoholism and the neurological networks of alcoholism. According to Steve M. (2000) â€Å"alcoholism is a dynamic and progressive illness, which may take years and even decades to develop into an easily identifiable condition.† Alcoholism appears to have three main stages that show the gradual step toward alcoholism. These stages consist of exposure or experimentation, which is almost like the first introduction to alcohol, many people are usually under the legal age when they first learn about or have a taste of alcohol. The second is learned, habitual-behavioural reliance, this is the stage when alcohol is used to party, relax, flirt or even reward oneself. The last is chronic dependency; this is when alcohol dependency is stretched out over a long period of time (Steve M, 2000). These stages are all different, yet they all have some sort of similarities that overlap each other which can make it hard to see what stage a person maybe up to or past for that matter (Steve M, 2000). Medical Library (2003) states that â€Å"Addiction is a dependence on a behaviour or substance that a person is powerless to stop.† There are many factors that influence an addiction these are such things as genetic factors, drugs, some which are generally more addictive then others, or social learning meaning that the environment in which one is in may have a major influence on an addiction (Medical Library, 2003). Addiction is extremely hard to break for some people and takes a lot of will power. There are two main types of addiction the first being substance addiction, which include alcohol, smoking, illegal and legal drugs. The second is process addiction this includes excessive shopping and spending money, over eating, or even gambling (Medical Library, 2003). There have been many different approaches to alcoholism over the years, this is because there is always new research and ideas found that helps in understanding alcohol, how it may occur in people and why it does in some and not others. In the past alcoholism has been seen as a moral disorder, therefore people who where classified as alcoholics had been considered to have a weak character (Steve M, 2000). Yet it is not only society who thought this of alcoholics it was also the church and AA. Although society now accepts different theories on alcoholism, the church and AA still believe in the past theories and perceptions, as they believe that alcoholism can only be over come through â€Å"spiritual awakening and the belief in god and a higher power† (Steve M, 2000). The more modern approach to alcoholism is that it doesn’t matter how good or bad you are, alcoholism doesn’t care who it attacks, just like diabetes, you could be wealthy or poor, married or not married it doesn’t matter. Research now shows that genetics and environmental factors play a major part in alcohol and it addictiveness, it is believed that it is easily past down through generations of families (Medical Library, 2003). In the last thirty years of research the theory that genetics play a part in alcoholism has been proven. One type of research done to prove this theory was that of adopted children. It showed that children who had alcoholism through out their biological families and who were separated at birth from their parents seemed to have a higher risk of becoming addicted to alcohol then other children in the same situation whose biological parents where not alcoholics (Cross, 2004). Dopamine is a substance produced in the body which gives a feeling of well being when it is stimulated, so when there is a deficiency in dopamine in the body the opposite will happen. The theory in relation to alcohol is that people with a deficiency in dopamine are more likely to drink alcohol as it stimulates dopamine production and gives a sense of pleaser (Peele, 2004). The neurological networks of alcoholism have been shown to be a major part of the modern approaches to alcohol abuse and dependency; this is because it traces the path of alcohol through the body, allowing researchers to see what effects alcohol has on the brain. Alcohol works on neurotransmitters, the dopamine system is affected the most. This neurotransmitter is the one which provides the pleaser rush felt by people in life. It is what makes eating and drinking feel so good (Steve M, 2000). When there is a deficiency in dopamine the body has to find other ways to get pleaser and therefore will find anything that gives a good feeling. This is where alcohol plays a part as it stimulates more dopamine receptors and makes that body feel that alcohol is an important substance and that it needs it constantly (Steve M, 2000). Alcoholism is an illness that many people in this society suffer from whether one believes the past approach or the present. Alcohol and its dynamics are extremely large and sometimes complicated as it can stem into other illness and therefore become an even larger problem. It can weave its self through the physical and psychological traits and there for be an unclear illness (NIAAA, 2001) . References Cross, C., The welcome trust. Genes and alcoholism (2004). Retrieved October 7, 2004, from wellcome.ac.uk/en/genome/genesandbody/hg06f013.html Gmel, G., Rehm, J. (2003). Harmful alcohol use. Alcohol Research Health, 27(1), 52-62. Medical Library, Addiction (2003). Retrieved October 7, 2004, from chclibrary.org/micromed/00036220.html National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, alcoholism getting the Facts (2001). Retrieved October 8, 2004, from niaaa.nih.gov/publications/booklet.htm SOS, Factors in the causation development of Alcoholism. (2000). Retrieved October 7, 2004, from secularsobriety.org/causes.html The Stanton peele addiction website (2004). Retrieved October 8, 2004, from peele.net/faq/p3waves.html Research Papers on The Dynamics of Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Dependency - Health EssayThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThree Concepts of PsychodynamicIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalTwilight of the UAW